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Now that you have made the
decision to use a Private Placement Memorandum, what goes in it? The main concern of State and
Federal securities laws are the protection of the investor. In this context, there is one cardinal
rule – tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. This means do not misrepresent
material facts, and do not omit material facts where the inclusion of such facts would lead the
prospective investor to a different conclusion.
Aside from being truthful and factual,
your PPM should provide your prospective investor with all the information necessary to make
an intelligent investment decision. It is common sense – put yourself in the investor’s shoes and
think about what information you would like to have.
And, while the required disclosure will vary
depending on various factors, such as size of the offering and whether there are non-accredited
investors, I recommend erring on the side of caution. You may run afoul of securities laws by not
having the right disclosure, but there is no harm if you “over-disclose”.
The following includes some of the sections that
should be included in your Private Placement Memorandum: • Notices to
Investors: The Notice to Investors section
includes federal and state disclosure legends, providing certain notices to prospective investors
informing them that the securities described in the PPM are not registered. Additionally, some
states have specific disclosure language they will require over and above the federal
disclosures.
• Summary of
Terms: The Summary of Terms provides a
summary of the “deal”; i.e. purpose of the transaction, who the issuer is, what type of
security is being issued, specific terms of the security being issued (dividends or interest;
current pay or accrued; warrants; collateral), affirmative and negative covenants, conditions
precedent, etc.
• Risk
Factors: This section sets forth the risks
specific to the issuer and the risks of investing in the type of securities being issued.
Some examples include reliance on customer concentration, cyclicality, inability to achieve
projections, changes in regulations, etc.
• Conflicts of
Interest: The conflict of interest section
identifies and describes potential conflicts of interest of the issuer, and its principals or
affiliates. As an example, one of the principles may provide accounting services for the
issuer, or one of the principles may be a significant customer of the issuer.
• Description of the Issuer,
its Business and the Business Plan: Describes the business of the issuer including its products, strategy,
customers, sales and marketing, operations, industry and competitive analysis, and discussion
of management.
• Transaction
Description: The transaction section
describes the transaction, including a schematic of the deal, sources and uses table and
capitalization.
• Financial
Information: This section includes
presentation of historical financial performance as well as discussion and analysis of the
results. The financial information section will also include management forecasts and
relevant assumptions behind the forecast.
• Misc
Sections: These sections will typically
comprise of tax matters, and a description of the capital stock of the issuer.
• Subscription
Section: This section provides the
prospective investor with the instructions on how to participate in the offering.
• Appendices:
The appendices will vary from deal to deal, and should consist of supplemental information
and documents that may be material to an investor's investment decision. Items that may be part of
the appendices include the letter of intent, audited financial statements, shareholder’s agreement,
etc.
While all of this seems complicated, you can make it easy on yourself
by using a Private Placement Memorandum template. Using a PPM template will ensure that you end up
with a professional-looking offering memorandum, while easily saving thousands of
dollars.
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